- View the two short videos below to become more familiar with the artist, Albrecht Dürer.
Sometimes to understand art, one must understand the creative genius of the artist.
- Read the two articles ART & ARTISTS: the Renaissance and the Rise of the Artist and ART & ARTISTS: Renaissance art and "grazia" to better understand what being an artist meant during the Renaissance times.
DÜRER'S SYMBOLISM
Decoding Dürer
Albrecht Dürer’s inventiveness and intellect are evident in his prints; he often used visual symbols to add layers of meaning to his works. Dürer’s contemporaries would have recognized the deeper meanings of the animals, plants, tools, and other seemingly insignificant details in his prints.Scholars have long worked to decode complex images such as Knight, Death, and the Devil and Melencolia I by investigating the symbols that are depicted within them. This form of investigation, known as iconography, identifies and interprets visual signs in works of art to better understand them. The historical meaning behind Dürer’s symbols could be lost on contemporary audiences. This page is meant to help decode some of these symbols. It is only one way, among many, to interpret Dürer’s images.
Discover what its symbols would have meant to Dürer’s audience.
Look at Dürer's drawing more closely. Click on the image to enlarge it.
Magic square: Orderliness of numbers, each line (horizontal, vertical, diagonal) adds up to 34. Thought to be a talisman to attract Jupiter (The god who could heal the effects of Saturn)
1514: The year of the death of Dürer’s mother. Also the date of this print
Figure of Melancholy: “Melancholic” is one of the four humors. It was the least desirable humor because it was responsible for depression, apathy, and even insanity. The advantage of being melancholic, however, was that this humor tended to be associated with the most creative and intelligent individuals. It was believed that carpenters, mathematicians, artists, and grammarians all tended to be melancholic.
Wreath (in hair): Made from a plant which was believed to be a cure for excessive melancholy
Compass: Mathematician
Bell: Eternity
Hourglass: Transience of life
Magic square: Orderliness of numbers, each line (horizontal, vertical, diagonal) adds up to 34. Thought to be a talisman to attract Jupiter (The god who could heal the effects of Saturn)
Comet: Sign of Saturn, the god affiliated with melancholy
Orb: Fortune
Dog: Truth and loyalty
ASSIGNMENT for the blog:
- Respond to the following questions:
- Why do you think Dürer might have used these objects as symbols?
- Would these objects have the same meaning if they stood alone as they do grouped together in this composition?
"One of the four temperaments, she holds the tool of geometry, yet is surrounded by chaos. She thinks, but cannot act, while the infant scrawling on the slate, who symbolizes Practical Knowledge, can act but not think. This is then, the melancholia of an artist. He cannot achieve perfect beauty, which is known only to God, because he cannot extend his thinking beyond the limitations of space and the physical world. "
- Post your dialog to the blog. Think of dialog as a stream of meaning flowing among and through the group, out of which may emerge a new understanding, something creative.
- Comment on the posting of one other classmate that no one has commented on yet. (There should be only one comment per post.) Take your time to really understand what the others are saying and reflect on it. The emphasis is on learning and new insight. See what shared meaning you can uncover as you integrate multiple perspectives.
- Use sophisticated, appropriate language and vocabulary in your discussion and comments.
DUE DATE: Wednesday, January 20 by 10:00 p.m.
The artworks were slowly developing into more of a realism rather than the Gothic style that showed great emotionalism and skills that allowed artist to require their new status. Artist were very intellectual because they had to have to knowledge of math in order to portray a strong, technical work.Proportion and perspective are vital to realistic drawings because they are able to give a 3-D effect to drawings/paintings by providing a direct observation lens to the audiences. The composition or the placement of the objects in this print adds to a unique angle/perspective that really invites audiences to feel the powerful mood to the painting by adding different techniques such as implicit lines and asymmetric/symmetric division. It was important to underline artist as a creative genius rather than as a craftsman during the Renaissance in order to show the sole purpose of what artist were trying to display: searching for the meaning of existence. Because humanism started to arise, many people have soon reached a point where they had "blind faith" in their belief. In order to display that period, artist presented ironic images that differed from the typical expressions from the 15th century Italian paintings (Giotto, Masaccio, Brunelleschi). The wreath (in hair) captivated me the most. It symbolizes the cure for excessive melancholy that many artist, mathematician, and grammarians were facing.
ReplyDeleteI like the fact that you observed the techniques of implicit lines as well as asymmetric and symmetric division,something that I overlooked. I agree with you in that proportion and perspective were employed to give a lasting of 3D effect that contributed tot he realism. I am curious as to where you got the idea that Renaissance artists are geared towards trying to display "searching for the meaning of existence." How exactly do they demonstrate that? I liked how you alluded to Giotto, Masaccio, and Brunelleschi. It helps tie all the artist together and makes their similarities and differences evident. (Such as the strong sense of symbolism in Durer's works.)
DeleteDurer made the decision to use these object as symbols because they all contributed and added a deeper significance to the overall theme of this piece. The symbolism of the wreath, magic square, and the bat are all geared towards curing melancholy characterized with successful people. The artist then used even more symbols to describe the wealth and success of these individuals. However, these symbols wouldn't have the same meaning if they stood alone because they would appear to be disconnected, irrelevant thoughts. The fact that all these symbols are brought together under the one subject of melancholy and its characteristics give them a deeper meaning a significance. The object that stands out to me the most is the comet. The amount of radiance it emits and the projecting lines from the center draw my eyes towards the shining ball of light. This is the symbolic sign of Saturn, the god associated with melancholy, and it perfectly fits into this piece because of its correlation with its theme and title, Melancolia.
ReplyDeleteThis quote hints to us that the artist is taking a more realistic approach in this artwork, trying to demonstrate "practical knowledge" and accepting the fact that there is no such thing as "perfect beauty." Based on the description, the artwork exhibits contrasting symbolism demonstrated by the infant and the girl holding the geometric tool. The realistic approach of this artwork is emphasized by the perspective and proportionality of the objects depicted in the scene. Proportion and perspective were important factors because they helped in the search of the "ideal human form". Proportionality ensures a hierarchy of scale and proper perspective ensures a common angle of the painting that doesn't seem impractical. Both of these combined makes this piece look more realistic through its scale and depth and an additional 3D effect. The placement of objects in Melancolia introduces a unique angle and adds a sense of overwhelming because of the sheer number of things depicted in this piece. The use of line and perspective draws your attention to certain prominent objects, such as the comet. Although the person in the artwork isn't in the center, the viewer's attention is still drawn towards him because of his great size as compared to his surroundings. The accomplished artist of this piece should be seen as a creative genius rather than a craftsman because he isn't just merely scribbling on a piece of paper, he is skillfully employing the use of mathematics and science to formulate accurate ratios. He then applies these ratios to the objects depicted, somewhat forming a hierarchy of scale. The work of these artists portrayed a deeper meaning and understanding than what many would think, they tried to portray a sense of hidden grazia in their work, a feat that isn't easy to accomplish. Their art imitated the beauty of nature with intricate detail and much thought, not just simply manufacturing things for the sake of manufacturing.
I agree with you on the comet being what stands out to me most. Also, I like how you included details on how proportion and perspective played a role.
DeleteAlbrecht Dürer was one of the dominant artists in the early 16th century in the Holy Roman Empire. He traveled extensively to learn, and due to these travels Dürer was well acquainted with many leading humanists and artists of his time. These influences had a certain degree of effect on Dürer. The symbols Dürer chose to use could be easily connected to the object he was trying to symbolize (ex. purse for wealth). The symbols used were also very commonly used by other artists such as the dog, whom Jan van Eyck used in his painting "The Arnolfini Marriage". The viewer also has to take into account that Dürer was a genius who rivaled Leonardo Da Vinci. His work always had a deeper meaning, and Dürer's symbolism just shows how well he was able to use many common things to everyday life to symbolize many of the key elements of his work "Melancholia". The items Dürer used connect well together, and are very effective when presented as one whole piece. The effectiveness of the objects would diminish if they were to be shown separately because the viewer would not be able to piece together the "story" the artist is trying to tell. The artwork "Melancholia" was painted to allow people to visualize the melancholy people were experiencing. Albrecht Dürer painted the picture with extreme realism, showing the effect humanism had on him. The use of perspective and positioning is crucial to a work of art because through the placement of objects and figures, the viewer is directed through the painting, which essentially tells a story. If it were not for perspective, it would be very hard for the viewer to identify what the artist was trying to depict and also the viewer may not catch the key elements of the painting. The importance of recognizing artists as creative geniuses is due to the fact that at that time, the influence of humanism and the renaissance was evident in all the paintings. The stress on education and importance of humans changed the way artists painted. They painted not for the sake of "crafting" anything but rather to tell a story through their art. The object that captivates my attention in Melancholia is the figure seated in the foreground. The size and placement naturally draw my eyes there. The figure seated I suppose represents the widespread effect of melancholy. The figure seated also seems to be portrayed as an angel, and this my symbolize that even God's angels were not immune from the melancholy that many people felt at that time.
ReplyDeleteI like the fact that you mentioned common symbols that artists used during this time period. I also feel like you did a good job making sure that we know Durer was a humanist just like Leonardo Di Vinci.
DeleteThe intricate image done by Durer shows how delicate his artistic skills were. Also, the symbols in the images tell me that painter wanted to depict something greater than just an art piece; he added another layer of meaning to it. As realism starts to prevail across Europe, the proportions of figures or objects became very crucial. His magic square in the piece shows that he had profound knowledge of Mathematics. This could be why he drew certain symbols, to give more biographical information about the painter, rather than just a name. Furthermore, placement of objects is very essential as it will guide the viewers what to look for, which figure is important, etc. It is so critical to understand an artist as a creative genius rather than as a craftsman during the Renaissance as people put more values on artist’s individualism, which is known as Humanism. What captivated me the most about this artwork was the bat holding the banner or so called comet that says “MELENCOLIA I”. We usually associate bat with evil, or darkness. Then, the fact that he is holding the title of this piece implies the overall tone of this artwork, which is dark, pessimistic, and gloomy. The realistic facial expression of the bat once again emphasizes the tone.
ReplyDeleteI like how you mention that realism was not centered in one place. The piece where you say the symbols reveal more about the artist than simply his name-that indeed is an interesting thought that I never would have thought of until you put it in context. You put a fair amount of truth into your statements, Lena, and one can understand more clearly because of it.
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DeleteDurer's art work usually consist of layers of symbolism much like Bosch and Grunewald. I believe that Durer used these symbols because they were commonly used in other artworks at the time. These common symbols that many artist use makes it easier for viewers to understand since they are also used in other paintings. The symbols that Durer use complement each other, they fit together like a puzzle. Therefore if the symbols were used separately, they would make since, much like how one puzzle piece doesn't make a picture.
ReplyDeleteThe quote tells us that the work of art contains man symbols with deeper meaning. It also tells us that the deeper meaning to the piece of art is still not deep enough. This right here tells us that the artist is limited because he can't portray perfection, only God can. Proportions and perspective make a pairing feel more realistic therefore making it more believable. The composition of the work can help guide the viewer's eye in a certain pattern allowing the viewer to not miss any important detail. An artist is a creative genius because he/she can tell stories, teach moral lessons, and change a person's mood just from a drawing. The person sitting was the first think i saw, i believe that it is the focal point so that it sets the overall mood of the work. The person represents how the people feel at this time, about melancholy.
I like how u said it usually consisted of layers of Symbolism and also how u said hoe Durer used symbols that were used in other artworks at the time. I love how u talked about the compostion of the work i really got into it.
DeleteI like how you compared his layers of symbolism to Bosch and Gruenwald. Then also how you compared the symbols that Durer used as a puzzle, how one piece doesn't make the picture but all the pieces together make the puzzle.
DeleteI like the fact that you said the symbols that Durer use complement each other as symbols as a whole reveal what they truly stand for. It was also interesting that artist is a creative genius because they teach morals or tell stories; art work indeed represents something greater than what it is depicting. Yes, I agree with you in that the person sitting perfectly captures the mood of this piece, which is gloomy and melancholy.
DeleteDurer lived when the Renaissance was relatively just coming into play. As such, being an artist, he may have studied the four humors extensively and found that melancholy fit his work most appropriately, perhaps after the deaths of his parents. Neither Durer, regardless of the amount of time spent on any one portrait, nor any other artist, could achieve a perfection in balance and harmony of their works, and Durer knew it. Durer may well have incorporated these symbols listed here for a number of reasons, but a prominent one could be that they intertwined with each other. The putto and the compass could symbolize the underappreciated role of mathematicians, grammarians, and other scholars and innovators as they compete, on occasion openly, with one another for the fleeting pleasures of this life (represented by the keys and purse), blissfully ignorant of the liability of a short life(hourglass), their own fortunes(orb), and apathetic of their respective fates in eternity(bell). They may in fact be plagued by the depression and darkness of their own imperfections(bats and comet)that they attempt to combat by temporary distractions and cures (wreath). Nevertheless, they continue to toil away with a small handful of people actually loyal to them(dog). The aspects of having the same meaning is measuredly dependent on where they stand alone and if we comprehend what the artist is attempting to reveal to us. The canon of proportion and perspective are very significant in more realistic works because there is not necessarily a spot where everything simply fits itself into its proper place, as more idealized portraits do. Rather, the artist must study carefully the exact proportions of the subject they are painting and apply his or her findings to the subject based on that study. Because frontal view is still utilized for religious subjects(albeit a bit less so), artists must also be aware of the use of whichever perspective(s)they use in creating a work. The bold composition and the respective placements of the object serve to almost speak to the viewer of the painting. Take the hanging hourglass and bell for example. They are in the background, but they appear to almost disregard their positions and state, "Time is short. Where will you spend eternity? We cannot be forgotten forever.", cautiously reminding anyone who comes within sight of the work to reconsider how they are living out their existences. Durer also placed emphasis on recognizing an artist as a creative genius due to the newfound abilities artisans found they had to render the world around them into a single carving, painting, relief, etc., but their talents ironically went largely unnoticed by the majority of the humanist public, who saw them as lowly craftsmen until about the times of Leonardo da Vinci to Durer, both of whom brought the artistic community to an entirely new light. Once more, the hourglass lured my eyes as I pondered its meaning, because during the Renaissance, people had forgone the concept of everlasting life in heaven in order to derive more enjoyment from the material, worldly possessions. It symbolizes the lingering fact that life is exceedingly quick and can be snuffed out at any time, which, in all honesty, is really not acknowledged by the world population now.
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ReplyDeleteIn Melancholia, I believe Durer used many objects as symbols because he wanted to show how complex he could be, and one of his main themes in art was death. He created the piece in 1514, which was his mothers death, and I think that gave him the ideas for the piece. He used many symbols in his piece and they all had different meaning to him, but however if the symbols were to stand alone by themselves they would be confusing to the viewer. Even though all the symbols are brought together to give the main idea of melancholy and even the characteristics give it a greater significance.
ReplyDeleteThe quote tells us that Melancholia has so much chaos going on that the woman can only think but not act because of her surrounding. As an artist I believe the quote is saying that Durer himself can’t achieve prefect beauty and that he has melancholia as an artist. The proportion and perspective make the piece look more make the piece look so realistic because if it wasn’t there the whole piece would be unbalanced and off. The placement of all the objects make the piece look powerful because of the objects meanings, the way they are placed, and used. I think it is important to understand an artist as a creative genius rather than as a craftsman because creativity comes from the mind that is expressed in different way and the artist is the one who controls what the story or idea is telling. Within Melancholia the Magic square is what catches my attention the most now because after realizing that if you add the numbers up horizontal, vertical, or diagonal it equals 34 which is thought to be a tailsman to attract Jupiter. I think it is there in the piece to represent how smart and mathematically they were in the time period.
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DeleteI like your idea of the reason that Durer used many objects as symbols is he wanted to show how complex he could be, which I never thought before. Also, your comment reminds me that Melancholia was created at the time period of Durer's mother's death, which helped me to understand why "hourglass" represents transience of life rather than any other meanings.
DeleteIn 1495, Durer began serious study of mathematics and of the theory of art as derived from works handed down from antiquity. From 1486 to 1489, he studied painting with Michael Wolgemut in Wolgemut’s workshop. He was able to learn not only all the standard painting techniques but also wood and copper-engraving. He had become convinced that the new art must be based upon science—in particular, upon mathematics. It was this realization that led him to the scientific work for which he was celebrated for his art. Not only did Durer become well educated in the logical side of art, he also displays the importance of symbolism, and really making people think deeper as to what the under lying meaning of his art pieces may be. For example, in his piece of Adam and Eve, it initially sends a very powerful and strong message. But if you look closer and really examine all the details, there's so much more to it. Its almost as if every single thing has some sort of purpose to it. A few of them are The parrot, which symbolizes wisdom. The Tree of Knowledge, seperating Adam and Eve and dividing the image in the center. The mountain goat, a traditional symbol for lust and damnation. The Serpent, a personification of the Devil, and symbol of betrayal. The cat and Mouse, a pairing that is emblematic for prey and predator, and the fact that they sit there peacefully in front of each other is a sign that death has not yet come into the world. These things normally on their own, would have no meaning. But together as a whole, it sends a very well thought out, and surreal message. There is so much more to take in when knowing the meaning to everything being shown.
ReplyDeleteTo start of, Albrecht Dürer was conventionally regarded as the greatest artist of the Northern Renaissance. He had really good painting techniques which probably passed on. He used these symbols because it was needed in his artwork and also it was commonly used with other painters.His greatest works was his marvelous prints.He sometimes used visual symbols to add layers of meaning to his works. In the first video he was compared to Da Vinci( that means he is really good at art). Even though all the symbols are brought together to give the main idea of melancholy.
ReplyDeleteHe tells u a lot just by examining the quote. The artists says he uses geometry because in painting u have to use geometry.As an artist I believe the quote is saying that Durer himself can’t be perfect.Proportions and perspective make a pairing feel more realistic therefore making it more realistic and more beleivable. Each and every mark is very crucial and remarking. Its very critcal to understand the artist not only his paintings.If u know more about the artist u can think about it in ur mind and picture his paintings. The part I liked or that fascinated me was the overall thing abour Durer. If i had to pick some one would be Magic square because it has a copper engraving and also its very creative and shows the detail of the artwork. The wing symbolizes dangers and satisfactions of the intellectual activity. There are many object and many opinons you can infer in this picture
Your thoughts and analysis of Dürer's paintings is very interesting. The facts and historical support is very detailed and I enjoyed reading about your thoughts. I agree to your statement that Dürer was the best artist of Northern Renaissance and I also agree with the fact that he used a lot of geometry.
DeleteDurer may have used these symbols to portray the melancholic humor in a subtle way for his audience to ponder and figure out. Instead of giving apparent meaning, the hardly uniform symbols create a different perspective that no one may have thought of. In addition, his ingenious way of conveying a state of mind through certain symbols reveals the intricacy of his style. Overall, symbolization takes a deeper stance than perceived on surface value. If these symbols were to stand alone, their meaning would only go so far. Because all of the individual concepts contribute towards the melancholic state in Melancholia I, taking each part alone would decrease the effectiveness of the portrayed meaning. For example, the dog represented as truth and loyalty by itself would not mean much to a viewer unless he or she garnered previous information. When all these symbols unite with each of their importances, the piece can finally reach out to the audience and make a connection.
ReplyDeleteThe quote reveals the state of the women and the infant to be opposite in Melancholia I. While the woman can think, but not act, the infant can act, but not think; this portrays the limitations in which society delineates. What is personified above all, is the depression, or melancholy that people feel when trying to achieve something. The quote also reveals the state of the artist, Durer. He gains revelation in which art created on earth can never be perfect, because only God knows what true beauty is. Thus, he is an artist who realizes that no matter how hard anyone can try, beauty will never be defined in the physical world. Proportion and perspective are key to realistic artworks. They not only signify realism, but are the major components of the real world. When an artist tries to depict an event, he or she must apply perspective to show dimension, space, and the placement of certain pieces. Also, proportion allows for the eye of a viewer to focus on how each part of a piece is painted to create a balance. Placement of items guides an audience to focus on particular points and can also hide away an item that is meant to be subtle. The composition of Melancholia I, encompassing numerous symbols, figures, and a backdrop applies to the overall meaning of the actual piece. While it can be chaotic, every part is crucial to imply the artist's message. The class of artisans encompass a variety of skilled-workers who may specialize in different sectors. Taking artists out of the general group gives them the spotlight that they need so that they can depict real life events, the mood of the century, or a message to be spread across the world. The grazia that artists add is hard to clearly explain, but it means the difference of being classified into a low class and rising up because of their abilities. Artists do not simply draw to copy something, they represent what they see in their insane, genius, or intelligent perspective. Thus, it more important to recognize an artist as a creative genius because of their purpose in doing their skills. The object in the artwork that draws my attention is the cube sunken into the ground. It doesn't include many details either. Also, the size and space around directs my gaze towards to relieve my eyes from the profuse details on the right side. I suppose the meaning of the cube is the countless sides of being melancholic.
Albrecht Durer was a prominent Renaissance artist who is regarded as the greatest artist of the Northern Renaissance. In his work (Melancholia), he used many common objects to represent some deep meaning, such as Hourglass represents the transience of life. I believe that Durer has used those common objects as symbols because they were commonly used in other artists’ works. For example, Jan van Eyck used dog to represent god in his work The Arnolfini Marriage. Also, since he is an artist and he created Melancholia at the time of his mother’s death, he tried to show his sadness and upset about his mother’s death (transience of life) from an engraving work rather than from a novel or something else. As all these objects-wreath, compass, putto, keys, purse, bell, hourglass, magic square, bat, comet, hammer, orb, dog-grouped together in Melancholia, they created a deep meaning of individual objects, which tells us a story. If they stood alone, we cannot get Durer’s idea of what he wanted to tell others.
ReplyDeleteIn Jansen’s quote, he told us that most objects in Melancholia symbol a deeper meaning. Also, Jansen told us that Durer is not a perfect artist because “he cannot extend his thinking beyond the limitations of space and the physical world.” Proportion and perspective make drawings and paintings more realistic. (For instance, light and shadow) In Melancholia, each objects’ placement has a significant meaning. For example, the angle figure has the largest size in Melancholia, which means that humanism (I think angle is also a kind of human being) is one of the theme in this work. Although Melancholia is just a beautiful engraving work done by Durer, we cannot conclude say that Durer was just a craftsman because he hid the main idea of his work in the common objects. Because of that, we have to understand an artist as a creative genius if we want to discover the deep and undiscovered meanings of his/her work. The angle captivates my attention the most because she has the largest size in Melancholia. In my opinion, the angle symbolizes human beings because humanism is a main idea during that time period.
I like the details you talked about the meaning of symbols in the painting and how they are reflected the theme. The symbolism demonstrate not only the melancholy in the painting but also the intelligence of Durer. I agree that Albrecht Durer is the greatest artist in the Northern Renaissance because of the fact that he bring perspective and proportion north. He had a great contribution to the realism of art in German, and changed the status of artist.
DeleteI believe that Durer believes that melancholy is the default state of the artist, but he or she should not be content to wallow in this kind of despair. so the magic square is printed because melancholic men seek help. He does so with the square that attracts Jupiter. The bell of eternity is there because relief from this state should be an everlasting goal that the artist always has before him or herself. Still, the hourglass reminds the man that the time allotted to do so is limited because of the limitations of the flesh. For this reason, the figure wears a melancholy-healing plant in his hair in order to speed up the process. The man attempts to relieve his condition with worldly goods without magical properties such as money and keys - power derived from men. However, they do not hold his interest because they do not have the power to absolve him of his condition. Fortune is a fickle force that is included in this category. He attracts the Grammarian to his side because he is also a poet in his own right, especially since artists and poets were seen to be sister arts. What he does watch out for is Saturn's sign, the comet, and the bat, which is believed to cure him. This represents Durer's belief that only the divine forces will absolve an artist. How so? Well, the gods alone can grant muse and inspiration for an artist's work. Only by creating an art can the artist escape his or her condition, but this is a never-ending process. As such, none of these objects would have contributed to the overall meaning if they stood alone.
ReplyDeleteThe divinity of inspiration is not practical - or not made for men, rather. Rationality dominates the instinct that a young child possesses. Because mankind has knowledge, there is the constant fear of being wrong, thus paralyzing their ability to act. Men are only able to imitate beauty because they cannot be both old and young at the same time - an ability that is granted to God alone.
Thus, not even Durer's print is as beautiful as it could be. The universality is limited by his own humanity. The least that can be said about Durer is that he is fully aware of this limitation, which is why he created this piece of art.
Proportion and perspective ensures that the eye is deceived into seeing a rational, three dimensional composition on a two dimensional surface. It also brings the viewer closer to the piece of work since realistic art is more easily relatable and therefore very suitable for works that delve into religion and mythology.
The placement of the objects is done in this way so that the melancholy figure's line of sight is directed into the most important things for the artist. Everything else is loosely scattered because their importance does not compare to that of Saturn - the one who prolongs his suffering.
A craftsmen works for men. An artist works for himself or his or her divine inspiration. Art is supposed to transcend practicality into something that evokes faith - and not necessarily religious faith.
I am captivated by the square for the simple reason that I like to try to add up the numbers. It symbolizes rationality and completeness, but also limitation. The numbers will forever add up to 34. They will never be 33 or 35, but only a certain number. This also symbolizes the limitations of mankind.
Wow your commentary about the numbers is very interesting. I think its cool that someone so captivated with the arts was also interested in the sciences and math.
DeleteDurer choose to use these objects because their meanings can be derived form the objects' characters. For example, purse symbolizes wealth, and hourglass symbolizes transience of life. If these symbols stood alone, they probably will have different meanings. Some symbols are high correlated with each other, such as purse and keys. The art is telling a story as a whole. Perspective and proportion enable people to tell the size and depth of objects, which makes it more realistic. Durer elevated the status of artist by being those techniques from Italian Renaissance. His art works contain creativity and imagination. They can not be interpreted accurately without deep thinking. The symbolism of keys entertain me because it represents power in the painting and I thought it would be something like mystery.
ReplyDeleteI will have to agree with you that the symbols all convey a different meaning depending on context. That in itself is the beauty of symbolism, I believe. Still, I must deviate a bit on the interpretation. I don't believe that 'accurate interpretation' exists since the artist is long dead, and the fact that art doesn't cease to have meaning after the artist's passing. If this wasn't the case, then this piece would not be so revered today.
DeleteYour response, I feel, is well put because I realized that looking at atwork as the "big picture" could help me understand what the author's is trying to say. Professionals can identify the meanings of little detailed objects put and singled out by themselves, but looking at the whole thing generally seems to put more meaning.
ReplyDeleteMelancholia seems to me an illustration of the futile efforts of man and how a human being is imperfect in nature. Basically, I believe that Durer wanted to express a kind of depressing feelings he felt toward life and its purpose. This is shown in the objects he used: the compass, symbolizing the mathematician, the purse meaning wealth, the putto being the grammarian, and the keys meaning power, which is the one that stood out to me most because wielding power is very dangerous in my opinion. When these are all put together I feel like it unites with the melancholy and brooding Figure of Melancholia to say that all this knowledge, fortune, and the fame that may accompany it is meaningless. What it the point of mastering any art, the art of grammar, the art of art, or the art of mathematics? Men still have a lot to learn and it is endless. Durer may have also pointed out that God is not God for nothing, he is the one who is actually perfect and no matter how much a person gains knowledge, it is futile. That is where the quote comes in to significance. Men may accomplish things, invent something knew, discover something unearthly and unheard of, but it all comes to nothing. For a split moment man will feel satisfaction and pride in what they have discovered; he or she may feel they have overcome God, religion, anything supernatural because he or she know "knows it all," but then why has Durer made the figure look so lost? It is because he believes that success and self-accomplishment bring no meaning and life, because it doesn't change the fact that we are imperfect and should be humbled. I think that Durer did a great lot of thinking and meaningful pondering before creating the Melancholia and this I feel is why in the renaissance art wasn't just a craft or trade, it was a creative and genius invention.
ReplyDeleteI enjoyed reading your dialog because your thoughts really evoke different interpretations other than being literal. Your opinion shines through and to me, it seems like you really understood the piece. The focus on endless knowledge allows me to step back and take on a new perspective of the piece; how refreshing! The universal truth you stated about success not changing the fact that we, as humans, are imperfect wraps up your take on the piece nicely and I can see your point of view clearly. You also led me to think that artists don't only draw what they see in front of them, but to convey a message that applies to all people.
DeleteI think your thoughts on the quote are interesting, specifically the comparison of humans to god, how insignificant our actions are, that is an excellent point, and I think exactly what Durer was getting at.
DeleteDurer "Melancholia" features several symbolic depictions, some easily understood and some more complex,not only is the piece incredibly beautiful, but the hidden meanings have a life of their own. I find it clear that chaos seems to be a theme. I not only think the image it's self is chaotic, but his emotions being expressed are chaotic. Because I wouldn't consider this piece to be a narrative like many pieces of the Renaissance era, I assume that he would rather his emotions and thoughts be sough after, rather than blatantly told in story. This could be for many reasons, maybe he want's to be misunderstood, that he feels his thoughts are difficult to interpret, to reinforce the complexity of the story he is telling, or because he wants meaning in his paintings to be discovered, not understood, for what ever reason.
ReplyDeleteI don't thing think these symbols on their own would convey the complexity he is trying to depict, therefore I do not think they should be isolated.
The quote further clues me into the fact that he is trying to convey chaos, but leaves the question of why. I can assume from the quote that the artists is not only dark, but is a deep thinker, often conflicted in his thoughts. I can just hear him running this concept of the thinking woman, unable to act, next to her acting infant, unable to think, pondering the irony endlessly, and applying it to other situations, small and large. Proportion and perspective are what makes a piece realistic, with out perspective, the piece would seem flat, although perfectly capable of capturing beauty, a flat looking piece would loose that photo like effect,and without proportion the subject depicted, may be idealized, but hardly realistic. The composition does a great job of framing the subject and presenting each symbol is a certain order, I assume is meant to tell the story. I think looking at this piece just for the craftsmanship hardly does it justice, the symbolism without the gift for realism is beautiful alone. For whatever reason the hourglass captures my eye, this sense of tension, the counting of the minutes is given by this object, a sense I think would be lost without it.
I agree with your thoughts and commentary on Durer's piece -- it is very chaotic! I also like how you emphasized the symbolism conveying chaos. I thought it was very insightful.
DeleteI think Durer used these symbols to reveal a cohesive meaning of the Melancholia. He used them to show who and what she was, what she stood for, as well as other things that relate to her and her meaning. These symbols would definitely have a different meaning if they were to stand alone or in a different piece of art. Since all these symbols are tied together in this one print, they all have the same general meaning to the subject, Melancholia.
ReplyDeleteThe quote shows how MelancholiaI was interpreted and one hypothesis of the meaning of the work as a whole. It reveals the artist had deep insight and a sense of direction when completing this print since the symbolism and meaning is all tied in together.
Perspective and proportion is important in realistic painting because if the object isn't in proportion, it wouldn't look realistic. It also gives the viewer a sense of being in the actual artwork, since it looks like a photo from real life.
The composition of the objects make this piece so powerful because wherever you look, you are reminded of the meaning of Melancholia. It's as if one object after another is shouting at the viewer the same general idea of Melancholia, which is very hard to ignore.
It's important to understand artists as creative geniuses during this period instead of craftsmen during the Renaissance because most artists were skilled in more than one professions, adding various elements of their skills into their artwork. I think "craftsmen" doesn't embody artists in the Renaissance well -- there was just so much more to them.
The dog definitely captured my attention the most because it's just laying off to the side, yet screams attention to itself, in my opinion. I can't quite put my finger on what it symbolizes, but I think it shows loyalty to Melancholia.
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ReplyDeleteDürer used these specific objects as symbols in order to represent life as, essentially, a multi-dimensional balance between good and bad. He contrasts a bell which symbolizes eternity, with an hourglass which symbolizes impermanence. Overall, I believe Dürer incorporates such symbolic contradictions to emphasize his message that “Melancholic” or melancholy may seem bad on the surface, but can be good. Through the combination of the symbols, he is able to convey the intellectualism and creativity that is often hidden behind melancholy. These objects would definitely not have the same meaning if they stood alone for it is not the symbols themselves that make this piece so meaningful, but how they work together to draw parallels and to contrast one another to ultimately portray the theme. For example, if the bat stood alone, it would not mean much besides “bat.” However, in this piece, the bat is able to group with the Figure of Melancholy so that the bat develops much more meaning—as what is believed to be a remedy for melancholy.
ReplyDeleteI saw the quote as a statement defining the role of an artist. The artist’s “job” is not to try to achieve perfection, but to depict the world as it is and to utilize the limitations of space and the physical world to his advantage. The quote illustrates that the artwork is not perfection, but representation. The work utilizes actual, tangible qualities of the physical world such as the woman and the child, to convey a larger, abstract theme: melancholia. It shows that the artist was interested more in realism and that his mind was geared towards reality and not idealism or fantasy. Proportion and perspective are important in realistic drawings and paintings because the two are what make these drawings and paintings realistic. If proportion and perspective are accurate and possible, then the work is more believable, as if a scene from the real world. If proportions are off, the figure loses realistic value. If perspectives utilized are illogical, the scene loses realistic value. The busyness of the print makes it pop and somewhat overpowering. The objects are sort of strewn over the work and gather in clumps in both the foreground and middle ground. Also, the objects are places in a triangular composition (especially prominent through the ladder in the left-center) that focuses the viewer’s eyes on certain key objects such as the baby (Putto) and the Figure of Melancholy that makes the print so powerful. It was important to understand an artist as a creative genius rather than as a craftsman during the Renaissance because it is during the Renaissance when the movement towards realism and humanism was at a high-point. Thus, art was not anymore just a carefree hobby, but a meticulous, calculated process. Sciences, mathematics, and other knowledge were utilized in the creation of art. The artist, beginning in the Renaissance, combined creativity and originality with proportionality and perspective. Oddly, the object that captivates me the most is the object that is the most obscure: the purse. The purse is burrowed almost completely beneath the Figure of Melancholy’s dress. To me, the purse not only symbolizes the wealth that artists, or “creative geniuses,” are capable of gaining, but more importantly how all amounts of wealth and status are pushed aside when the artist is creating art. Art comes before wealth for true creative geniuses/artists.
I agree with your thoughts, especially on the rational as to the creative genius of the artists. This was most certainly a transition moment in the change of perception towards the artists. I felt that this was the strongest part of your analysis and I think that you conveyed this message very well. Additionally, I like tour analysis of the purse symbol. I did not think of if that way and I found you analysis of that symbol to be fascinating.
DeleteI agree with your comments on Durer's artwork. I think it is interesting how the purse is the object that interest you the most because it is a slightly smaller object in the painting. The symbolism it conveys is significant and gives a bold statement of how artist view wealth. I also found it interesting how you mentioned the triangular composition in the painting.
Deleteo Durer most likely used these symbols to further reemphasize the main theme of his work. The symbols enable Durer to connect many different ideas, such as the bat, magic square, and wreath, and gives them a common purpose. The symbols enable these thoughts to have a more solidified theme. Additionally, in a time when the majority of the population could not read, the usage of symbols would have enabled the artist to more strongly convey his message and manipulate the emotions of the viewers.
ReplyDeleteo These objects would have different meanings if they stood alone but by placing them together in one piece, Durer is better able to connect the various ideas the symbols represent. All of the symbols represent things realting to curing melancholia By connecting them together, Durer gives them a deeper meaning and a heightened significance.
o The quote tells us that the approach the artist is going to take is a realist approach. The artist acknowledges that there is no thing as a perfect body and due to this, the artist will attempt its best to capture the beauty of the figure but will invariably fail to do so. We understand the temperaments of the artist and the attitude it posses towards the concept of beauty.
o Proportion and perspective were important factors because they enable the creation of the "perfect form." Proportionality ensures a hierarchy of scale and enables a proper viewing perspective to occur and thus the work does not seem disordered. Both elements combine to create a sense of realism in the figures of the work as well as the 3D space which they occupy.
o The placement of objects in Melancholia enables the viewer to see an interesting perspective and enables the artist to better give a sense of weight and importance to the theme at hand. Line and implied lines draws the attention of the viewer towards the comet and the animals. The usage of hierarchy and the placement of Melancholia in the foreground gives that figure importance and signifies how important that figure truly is. Lastly, the juxtaposition of negative and positive space enables greater emphasis to be placed on certain elements within the work. All of this combines to give the viewer a greater sense of being within the work and enables toe artist to subconsciously convey themes to the viewer.
o An artist should be seen as a creative genius rather than a craftsman because an artist is not simply drawing something for the purpose of preserving an event but is capturing the realism and the emotional weight of the particular moment. A creative genius combines knowledge of engineering and geometry to capture the detail of an event and can give a work a sense of depth. Also, a genius can employ artist techniques to convey a central message. Their art captures the power and scale of nature with intricate detail and much thought towards the greater significance of the work rather than simple creation of art.
o The element of this work that most captures my attention is the magical square. I believe that it signifies the power of the natural world and the power of the gods over an individual. The square was designed to attract Jupiter to ward off Saturn and thus is demonstrating the power of the natural world over an individual. Additionally, by placing it in the center of the work and in the background, attention is given to it and it is subtly implied that the natural world has power over the human mind.
I agree with your idea that the symbols enable Durer to connect many different ideas while at the same time giving them a common purpose. I also like your idea that while the artist cannot help but attempt to capture the perfect beauty of the figure, he/she will ultimately fail. Your statement about the juxtaposition between negative and positive space is interesting. I did not see it like that before. But, it is true, the positive and negative space, the contrast also between light and dark, really does help to emphasize certain elements of the work and make them stand out. I like how you pointed out the effect of the careful placement of the objects and how it adds sort of a quirky perspective and a new weight and importance to the theme at hand--I fully agree with you.
DeleteDurer uses these objects as symbols to show the role of melancholia in an artist's life, the purpose of the artwork. The symbols represent math, melancholia, and life. The symbols exemplify the belief that melancholia is the humor of artists. Also, the symbolizes contradict each other, showing the differences in the types of humors. The bat symbolizing darkness and the comet are opposites, as well as the hourglass and the ball, symbolizing eternity.
ReplyDeleteThese objects would have a different meaning separately because the artwork shows how they relate to one another. The reason for combining the symbols is to show their relationship to artists. The meaning of the symbols is emphasized in one painting.
This quote shows the meaning of the artwork and the dominance of melancholia in an artist's life, including Durer. Since artists can not create "perfect" beauty, they extend creative thinking. This shows the purpose of artists and their chaotic and brilliant minds.
Proportion are perspective are important because they connect a viewer to a painting. One feels a part of an artwork, bringing realism to the scene. Also, the viewer is being manipulated by the artist to see a certain perspective. The viewer sees what the artist is depicting, therefore showing what the artist wants the viewer to see.
Composition of objects is powerful because the artist is surrounded by the objects to an extent. This creates the melancholia and chaos in the art, conveying the state of an artist's mind. Also, the eyes of the artist and the different heights of objects emphasize the meaning of the artwork.
It is important to understand artists as creative geniuses because they truly have brilliant minds and extend thinking in society. Regarding artists just as craftsmen does not suggest the thought behind what an artist is creating. There is a significant difference in simply building something and creating art. Both can be beautiful, but one requires more extensive thought.
The prism on the left captures my interest the most because it is on the natural side and in the middle of the painting. The shading suggests that light is hitting it and the artist appears to be looking toward it. I believe it symbolizes math because it is geometric.
The point you brought up about about the contradiction of the symbols was very unique. I completely agree with this thought as all the objects are quite distinct but contribute to the message as a whole. Your analysis of the piece representing the chaos of Durer's mind was insightful. Perhaps the grief accompanying the death of his mother and frustration with the status of artists in society lead to the creation of this piece.
DeleteAlthough Durer’s choice of objects might initially seem random, he used all of them to reiterate the theme of melancholia. Perhaps this engraving, done in 1514, was Durer’s way of expressing the grief he experienced as a result of his mother’s death in the same year. These objects would not have had the same meaning if seen alone. The viewer probably would have overlooked their symbolism all together. Individually, there would be no context to interpret the objects from. Together each object adds up to be vital part of a cohesive whole that conveys the purpose of the artist.
ReplyDeleteThe quote, to me, emphasizes the struggle of an artist who has the creativity to envision magical creations but lacks the expertise to execute his vision perfectly. The quote indirectly explains to the viewer the conflict, better seen as extreme contrast, evident in this artwork. The eternity of the bell is distinct from restrictions imposed by the hourglass just as the purpose of Saturn and Jupiter oppose in their relation to melancholia. Proportion and perspective are crucial components in realistic drawings and paintings because they convey to the viewer the message of the creator. Simple elements like the angle of light, shadow, and texture often transform a drawing into an intricate story. Proportion is representative of the tone of the piece, whether it’s supposed to be realistic and believable or more abstract. Perspective is important in conveying depth or size and emphasis. For example, many pieces of art depicting the Last Supper we studied in class make use of the vanishing point over Jesus’ head. This perspective technique serves to draw attention to the central figure. Additionally, the placement of objects in Durer’s piece draws the viewer’s attention across the composition. In the time period this piece was created, the connotation behind craftsman is of a career while the occupation of an artist is more a passion than simply a job. It’s important to perceive them as creative geniuses because they capture and preserve the essence of cultures, eras, and achievements in history. They deserve this recognition for their dedication and talent. The dog draws my attention the most because of the serenity it adds to the piece. Despite all the chaos seen in the picture, he appears composed. Dogs are symbols of faithfulness, loyalty, and truth. It can be perceived as hope in a melancholic situation.
I really enjoyed reading your interpretation of the piece and had many of the same ideas as you did. I agree with you that the quote emphasizes that man lacks the expertise to perfectly execute his vision. I have even read before that some artists intentionally make errors in their paintings to emphasize that only God is perfect. As well, I liked how you were able to tie in the vanishing point behind Jesus's head in the Last Supper when describing the importance of perspective. I think by using linear perspective, artists can make their work seem much more realistic. Lastly, I was surprised you felt the same way about the dog as me. The dog seemed to stand out from the rest of the chaos in the painting and really drew my attention to it. In the end, you had a great interpretation of the painting.
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ReplyDelete1. I think Dürer used these objects as symbols in order to add more meaning to his work and emphasize the complexity of life. The magic square, compass, Putto with notebook, keys, and purse all emphasize different aspects of life. They emphasize the orderliness of life, as well as the different types of people such as the mathematician and grammarian, and also themes in life such as power and wealth. I think using common objects to represent these ideas made it easy for people to relate to as well.
ReplyDelete2. These objects wouldn’t have the same meaning if they stood alone. The reason is that all these objects complement each other and emphasize the balance in life. They emphasize the many roles and jobs people have in society. As well, they emphasize many of the themes of life such as power, wealth, eternity, and loyalty which all depend on each other to coexist.
3. I think the quote tells us that the artwork can’t be perfect. It tells us that no matter how much Dürer wants to create the perfect piece of art, he can’t do so. This is also the reason for Dürer’s melancholia as he knows only God can achieve perfect beauty.
4. Proportion and perspective are important in realistic drawings and paintings because in order for the painting to seem like it is depicting reality, the figures must be drawn anatomically correct. If everything is kept in proportion, then the viewer may think the artwork is depicting a scene in real life. As well, perspective is also important as the use of linear perspective can be used to create a sense of depth and lifelikeness.
5. While the placement of objects in this piece may at first seem random and chaotic, the placement of the objects in this specific manner actually helps to create balance. By dispersing the objects throughout the artwork, Dürer emphasizes that everything is balanced and that no single force can be overpowering. As well, by not placing the figure of melancholia in the center, Dürer makes sure the viewer gets a chance to view all the objects in his painting.
6. I think it is important to understand an artist as a creative genius rather than as a craftsman because an artist shows his or her ideals through his artwork. An artist doesn’t merely make art to earn a living. But he or she does it to share with the world his or her thoughts and ideas about life and the world.
7. The dog captivates my attention the most. This is because everything in the picture seems to be chaotic but the dog seems to be calm and asleep. I think the dog represents loyalty as it stays near the figure of melancholy and seems like it is a friend.
Your commentary and insight into this work was very interesting to read and comprehend. The dog is also a fascinating component of the work as it contrasts from the mood of the piece. I agree with your views of the components of the work as a whole.
DeleteSymbols are a way to elicit emotions and previous knowledge to give the viewer insight into the painting in an efficient and effective way. This may be why Dürer used such symbols. Each of the objects portrayed in this composition complement one another and work together to convey the overall meaning of the work. Though each of the symbols used are commonly known to symbolize an idea or concept, together their meanings slightly shift so they work alongside one another. The quote describes the overall meaning of the piece and gives the viewer a context through which to view this work. They way this work is composed informs us of the artist's attitude and "melancholia." Proportion and perspective are very important since they are the fundamental aspects that make a work realistic. And, the composition of this piece makes it powerful in terms of the way they cause the viewer's eye to move around the painting and complement one another. During the Renaissance, it was important to understand the artist as a creative genius because it was a time of rebirth, both in artistic techniques as well as ideologies. The keys captivate my attention because they symbolize power. They make me wonder what they have power over and what they are meant to open.
ReplyDeleteI think Durer may have used these objects just not only for their symbolism but for their uniqueness, a sense of interest, and for the purpose of horror vaki.
ReplyDeleteIf these objects stood alone it my be thought more as a study of an object. Durer includes each piece to create a story and statement.
Durer understood that his talent was a gift from God, but also that his work could not reach perfection and absolute beauty because he was human. This quote depicts this and provides insight to Durer's remarkable ability.
Proportion and perspective are the most important attributes to realistic art. They are what make the object realistic and alive.
Durer's composition makes your eye travel in a circle upon the piece. My eye wanders from the melancholic artist, up, around to the bat, ad then down towards the dog, and back again. Creative geniuses put passion into what they do, they reach higher skill and ability than a craftsman.
The bat catches my attention the most. The rays behind it represent Jupiter and the bat itself symbolizes a remedy for melancholy.
I agree with your commentary that I also thought the Durer's composition makes my eye travel in a circle upon the piece and think of Durer's way of expression in proportion and composition.
DeleteBecause Artists communicate with people not from verbal description, but their visual expression on the surface. Therefore, Durer, as one of the artists, used those objects which are implied the symbolic meanings to transmit his thought to the audience. For the Durer's Melancholy, it especially depicts the people's way of life in that time period. Symbolic objects show what subjects people studied, what represented the wealth, what object would represent the people's jobs. If the objects stood alone, they differ their meanings from implied meaning on Melancholy. I think those symbolic objects and the figure of Melancholy are interact each other in this one piece of art. If they stood alone, they would represent the general symbolic meaning and lose their uniqueness. Also they would fail emphasizing what Durer wanted to say.
ReplyDeleteThe quote is telling about the limitation of perspective and space uses of Durer. Proportion and perspective create the depth in drawings and paintings. Those key factors contribute to make the art deeper and realistic. The placement of the objects make the viewer looks around frequently because most of the objects are on the front or not in small proportion. It is important to understand in that way because the artists focused on creating the creativity which brought innovation in field of art rather than create the perfect drawings or paintings with their fascinating skills. The geometric stone shaped object on the back of the work captivates my attention. It is simple shape and proportionally big, makes me wonder its purpose. I think it would represent geometric approach in mathematical field and Durer was interested in.
The reason he uses symbolism is that symbolism adds depth to anything. His goal is to convey emotion, and symbolism allows the artist to express and communicate their emotions to the viewer on a deeper level. It allows the painting that physically remains the same to be seen differently by each person, through their own interpretation of the painting.This allows a more personal relationship with the artist's emotions.I.E, the Bat flying in the shadow of the planet is symbolic to the fact that the remedy to sadness hides, yet can be found. Each object portrays a different side to his melancholic frame of mind.
ReplyDeleteDurer's use of objects as symbols is an easy way for the viewers to recognize these symbols, particularly if the objects are common everyday items. These items affiliated with normal use are brought to life when a deeper meaning is applied, and Durer cleverly understands this and takes advantage of that opportunity. In terms of quantity, it is my personal belief that the less an item is used, the more significant effect it has. When you overwhelm the viewer with copious amounts of symbolic objects in a composition, it is bound to lose its meaning in the chaos. Although when you have a lighter approach to symbols, they give space for the viewer to ponder over its trivial importance and how that is applied to their life.
ReplyDeleteGiven that Durer was, at heart, a philosopher and because of this, his use of both symbols and practical representations in a way to demonstrate the materialism of the time. The use of the purse which represents wealth, and the keys that represent power, there is a connection that can be drawn from the fact that these two almost always coincided; wherever there was wealth, there was power, and vice-versa. With the growth of philosophy at the time of the renaissance, there was also a growth of the humanist perspective, and drawing conclusions about divinity through worldly experiences. By placing symbols of the Bell and Hourglass, Durer recognizes more than just the material nature of life, but rather the fact that these artificial and short term objects of affection are meaningless in the scope of eternity and the cosmic lifespan. Of course, a major part of this piece by Durer is the fact that all of symbols are mashed together in a hodge-podge, seemingly without a clear message with one single symbol. You see the dog, the bell, the hourglass, and the numerical grid, and attempt to figure out how they all piece together. I feel that this in and of itself, is indicative of the renaissance itself. You had an influx of new and abstract ideas that were grounded in evidence, i.e the imagery/symbolism, but it is our job as interpreters to figure out how that applies to our universe. Durer recognized this I believe, and by placing all of these symbols together, he wanted us to interpret our own reality and our own meaning, as individualists.
ReplyDeleteis a way* not in a way
DeleteI like your take on what the symbols mean, by seeing the material objects as having more depth than what one can see in the painting.
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DeleteI think Durer used these objects firstly because they all related in some way to the humor of Melancholic. Additionally, these were all common items that anybody viewing the drawing in the time period would be able to recognize, unlike words, as many were illiterate, and complex objects.
ReplyDeleteBut they would not have had the same meaning had they been shown independently and not in a group as portrayed, because it would've been difficult to realize the connections of each to the idea of melancholy without knowledge that melancholy was an overarching theme of the piece.
The quote allows us to connect each of the symbolic items with certainty and understand that he is attempting to relate the ideas brought about by his drawing to the act of creating art and the obstacle he faces in doing so.
In realistic artworks, proportion and perspective are important in, firstly, adding depth in order to make the picture more authentic, and secondly in emphasizing certain objects over others; closer or bigger objects will grab attention more successfully than distant or smaller objects.
In this specific piece, Durer attempts to balance his ideas by spreading them throughout the entirety of the drawing, making sure that no part overpowers another and that all are important in conveying his message.
It was important to recognize artists as creative geniuses because it forces viewers to attempt to interpret meaning and actively engage themselves in looking past what was physically drawn on the canvas.
The most interesting and eye-catching object in the piece for me is the seemingly out-of-place, oddly shaped geometric figure at the left side of the drawing. This probably symbolizes geometry, going hand-in-hand with the compass that symbolizes mathematicians.
Alex, what do you think about the perspective of the piece? I believe that it's very powerful, in that it does particularly rely on linear perspective, but there is an element of abstractness in the likeness of the figure, and that definitely piques my interest as it tells you to look at a piece from two different angles of interpretation.
DeleteAlong with this, I think that we should discuss the element of object placement, especially with the fact that they seemingly surround the largest individual in the piece. This may not be an overtly Christian or theological piece but I do think that this object placement makes the illusion of a halo and this may be a commentary on how materialism took the place of divinity with the growing global trade network that flourished in the time period. Just a thought (:
DeleteI agree that the quote heightens the significance of each presented object, and ultimately connects them all together as well.
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DeleteDurer, in many aspects, was just like Leonardo Da Vinci,as he was noted as the German Da Vinci because of his perfection on the anatomy and on mathematical proportion. Durer's form of art is shown to be of the utmost mechanical nature. Almost like an engineer, he portrayed a work of art to what he saw, which was normally melancholic, or pensive sadness. Through his art, he used many symbols often to convey a deeper meaning that a contemporary watcher can see. He wanted us to see the take back on tradition, as he made many references to the Roman Empire through the use of the head wreaths and many references to Jupiter. But Durer's biggest use of iconography was to firmly display the underlying theme/mood: melancholy or death. These symbols could show the characteristics of a person, their wealth or what they studied to create a sense of personal connection to the art by letting the audience know what kind of people are being displayed which conveys deep emotion to the audience. The objects, if they stood alone, wouldn't have the same meaning because if the artist agglomerates many objects in the same space, its will lose its meaning because the message will now not be clear in the midst of the chaotic presence and leaving the objects with more open space gives it a sense of individualism and deeper meaning.
ReplyDeleteThe quote tells us that the artwork is a take on realism and may contain many symbolic form because the artist "cannot achieve true beauty". What this tells us about the artist is that he probably focused more on the humanistic aspects of art and that even though one can imagine perfection, one should convey art to represent what we see on earth. Proportion and perspective are important in a work of art because it lets the audience see the piece of art as almost like a photo and allows them to see its truer meaning because it is not as abstract. The placement of objects is important in a piece of art because it allows the audience to associate certain objects with others that are close to the painting and it adds a new angle to the work of art in that each placement of an object in space will convey a different mood. Renaissance artists should be seen as a creative genius because they applied not only what they learned through liberal arts, but also ratios and mathematical proportions which lent itself to the rise of humanism during this time period. The symbol that captivated me the most was the wreath on the head in Melancholia. I feel like this was a take on tradition, ironically displaying the individual as one in power as it goes back to the roman time, but the art piece is more about the sadness of the moment and not the power struggle.
Interesting interpretation of the quote! You went a little deeper into the meaning than I had initially noticed. I also think your interpretation of the wreath's symbolism was very unique and insightful! Other than that, I think we generally had similar views of other aspects of the work. Nice work!
DeleteDurer’s inclusion of a multitude of significant items presents his underlying emotions for the symbolism associated with these given aspects. Durer was a philosopher, which resulted in his point of view and interpretation of specific situations to have a much deeper meaning. For example, his incorporation of a magic square in Melancholia, allows the audience to observe an obscure sense of order in the chaotic painting. Durer continues to extend this feeling of disarray through his utilization of other symbols in Melancholia. For instance, his inclusion of the Figure of Melancholy (symbolizing depression, apathy and insanity), a purse (showing wealth), keys (embodying power), a bat (epitomizing darkness), and dog (showing truth and loyalty), all pull the audience’s emotions in different directions, initiating mental and emotional chaos, similar to what Durer was experiencing. In correspondence, Durer’s addition of a bell (symbolizing eternity) and an hourglass (embodying the transience of life) show that this acclaimed ‘chaos’ was permanent, therefore leading to melancholy and ultimately representing Melancholia.
ReplyDeleteYour interpretation of many of the objects such as the Magic square and the hourglass was very interesting! I didn't quite realize until now that the use of order in the magic square was intentional to create a sense of order in the chaotic mess of the drawing! Great interpretation of each symbol, SeemsGood!
DeleteWithout the proper understanding of the historical context behind each object, many contemporary viewers would miss the significance of the keys, bat, comet, etc. However Durer placed these images broadly around the entire scene to emphasize the importance of each iconography on its own. Together as a whole, the objects weaved itself into the main theme of this piece: melancholy. The melancholy theme, although not obvious at first, slowly makes sense once several key elements of this piece is identified, allowing Durer to make connections with his audience by giving the audience a chance to "enter" his world through use of objects as symbols.
ReplyDeleteThe use of space was methodologically used to help Durer create a sense of melancholy. If the objects were grouped together, it would make the objects appear to be a singular piece among the chaotic space around it instead of the individualistic sense Durer was trying to create by displaying each object as its own singular piece.
The quote shows that he was trying to make each symbol blend in with the surrounding space to create a sense of realism however he is impeded by his own limitations, however the limitation allows him to create a connection with the symbols and objects he uses. Proportion and perspective is so important when it comes to creating realistic drawings and paintings since it allows the artist to create depth and a sense of size within a piece of art which is necessary to create the illusion of a natural and realistic image. The placement of each object scattered throughout the painting instead of as a whole allows the audience to relate each specific object as its own unique identity, giving the final piece a more unified and stronger message. It was necessary to understand artist as creative geniuses rather than craftsman because by viewing artists as innovators allows the audience to get into the shoes of the creator and hopefully make connections that wouldn't originally have been made. The object that captures my attention the most is the sign on the far left of the drawing that says "melencolia", I find this intriguing because Durer basically gives away the theme of this piece instead of giving the audience a chance to study and realize the theme on their own.
Your interpretation of Durer and his objects is very interesting! I love how you were able to understand his purpose on such a deep level and pick out the small things in the piece that make it so great while explaining it to us so elaborately. I would've never gotten such a deep understanding of his piece like you did. Very intricate thought process Aaron!
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ReplyDeleteI believe Durer used several objects as symbols because he wanted to show his inventiveness and intellect as each symbol provided another layer of meaning in his work. Each symbol was related to each other in a certain way as they, all together, helped achieve one special meaning. I think that if these objects stood alone they wouldn’t be able to display the same meaning that they were meant to achieve. Since they’re together, it helps the audience realize the connections between each once the meaning of each object is understood. This quote helps us connect the deeper meanings of each object with each other which helps relay his important message which furthermore helps us understand what Durer's intentions are when he made his artwork. Proportion and perspective are important because they add depth in the painting which provides a different outlook on the picture. It also helps emphasize specific objects over others using the depth tool.In this composition, Durer displays his ideas by putting the objects all over the piece to show us that each and every single object is important and has a great meaning. The reason it’s important to recognize the artists as creative geniuses is because it means that all the paintings created by them have a special meaning that the audience has to decipher to understand the whole meaning of the piece. The object that capitalizes my attention the most is the key which displays power and interests me in how such a small object can symbolize something as great as power.
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DeleteI understand your interest towards the key; I believe that it symbolizes power because of the key's power to open doors, to unlock new possibilities.
DeleteI agree that the quote shows how Durer is trying to connect ideas that we as humans can understand and know a lot about with ideas past our imagination- ideas associated with God and the divine.
DeleteI think that Dürer might have used these objects to better convey the depth of the artistic and mathematical world that he was trying to convey for the character Melancholia, showing that she existed in a space in which everything had order and meaning, and that deep meaning in the space was what truly connected the work together in my eyes.
ReplyDeleteThey would not; without the other objects in the composition, they are just that; objects. Pulling them all together is what makes them feel more potent, and connects their individual meanings to the whole of the work.
The quote tells me both what the art is about on a surface level, the figure of Melancholia, and also what the art is about deeper down; the frustration of the artist to not be able to convey the deeper meanings behind his art, to not be able to achieve perfection. From this, I can tell that the artist Dürer felt this frustration, and strove for perfection while knowing that perfection only existed in God.
Without proportions and perspective, the art comes out without depth; it is flat in a way that the parts that make up this world are not. To truly convey the way that the world works, one must have a degree of proportionality and perception.
The placement of the objects in this print make it powerful through the way that the smallest piece of the "puzzle" that makes up the depth of this print has meaning, even if it is just the keys around a baby's neck. The way that they are dispersed throughout the print is important because it adds to the theme that everything is mathematical and methodical; there would be no reason for the images to be concentrated in one place.
Because the connotation of a "craftsman" is very different from that of an artist. A craftsman is ordinary, and could be something like a carpenter or a blacksmith, which were both important jobs, but the work they created was not something that we remember today. By remembering Dürer as an artistic genius, we respect and remember the work that he created, and we can still learn more about this work even to this day.
The object in this print that caught my eye the most was the comet from Jupiter. It symbolizes the cure (or at least, the suppression) of the melancholy, and I find that it is interesting to see the cure to the sadness that comes along with artwork in the art itself, as if seeing a self aware side of the artist, knowing that the art that he made drove him further into the melancholy and hoping for a way out.
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DeleteI can really relate to your opinion on the quote, it is like the frustration of a person who is unable to convey how they really feel about things, and when they do unveil this then nobody is willing to listen.
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ReplyDelete1) Dürer most likely used these objects as symbols to emphasize the theme of sorrow which he was trying to convey. Since during that time it was believed that carpenters, mathematicians, artists, and grammarians all experienced the least desired humor of melancholy, he depicted many symbols of these people, like the compass, Putto with notebook, and the hammer.
ReplyDelete2) If they stood alone, they would be more obvious, and as would their meanings. But the downside of them standing alone would be that it would not convey the true pain of the humor of melancholy. The symphony and synchronization of sadness depicted in this peace underscores the theme of how humans tend to hide their pain, making it not blatently obvious.
3) The quote shows the true struggle of an artist, and how it is impossible to create a work of art that pleases everyone and is perfect. Dürer, like many other artists, experienced the pain of envisioning something in one's head and having it come out different on their medium. The quote also shows that Dürer, after studying so much and learning how to use wood based on different techniques and other such tools, was still unable to make a work of art that makes him happy.
4) Proportion and perspective are so important in art because that is what creates the trompe l'oeil, making humans automatically like things. For example, humans instinctively are more attracted by symmetrical faces so when one wears sunglasses it automatically makes them more attractive because it creates an illusion of perfect symmetry. Proportion and perspective are also so important because that is what makes the art look realistic.
5) The composition and the placement of things makes this work of art so powerful because it connects different symbols together to emphasize the themes. For example, the bell, hourglass, and magic square emphasize the perfection in life, because of its imperfection. Both eternity and the transcience of life counteract each other and the mathematical square balances it out because when used correctly mathematics creates perfection but when incorrectly it creates imperfection.
6) It is important to understand an artist as a creative genius because the main reason why an artist creates a work of art is to show a theme of truth of life. Even if artists have commissions which they do not wish to do (Ex: Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel Wall), they still convey how they feel about the world and their personal opinions. This makes an artist different from a craftsman because typically the main motive of a craftsman is to make money.
7) What really intrigues me the most is how Dürer accurately depicts the feeling of powerlessness when one is unhappy. Having gone through some sappy times myself, one half of you wants to get up, do something, tell someone, make it go away, do anything to make it stop, while the other half harnesses you down and encapsulates you in its web of hopelessness. This feeling is shown very accurately which the woman, who can think, but not act, and the baby, who can act but not think.
I agree with your interpretation of the quote because Durer does portray the feeling of powerlessness that he faces in his pursuit of perfection
DeleteI think that Durer used the symbolism he did because it showed all the emotions he was feeling at the time. The incorporation of the humor Melancholic and the wreath in particular show how he was feeling with the very recent death of his mother. With the death of his mother who was a very important person in his life, he was in a state of grieving but he still persevered and while still in that period of deep sadness he continued to work. This is shown through the wreath which symbolizes the cure to excessive sadness and Durer had to cure his sadness and continue to do his work and live his life as his mother would have wanted which is shown through the symbolism of the wreath. I think it's important that all the symbols are placed together in one piece because it shows all the human emotion that can be obtained and that perhaps Durer even was feeling at that time. The use of the various symbols all in one piece creates a chaos of items throughout the piece much like how Durer was feeling a chaotic mixture of emotions at the time of the piece, with the main overarching emotion being melancholy. Furthermore, I believe that the quote means that the use of all these designs portrays the conflict between the beauty that we know as humans and the beauty that is known only to God. This shows that Durer is an artist who attempts to bring in ideas that he may not completely understand and he tries to reach into the realm of the unknown. Perspective and proportion is so important to make a piece look realistic because it creates depth within the piece and makes it look as though it is as if you were looking at it in person. The composition of the piece is important too because it allows for the viewers eyes to jump around and again creates that cluster of various emotions. I think it's important to consider Renaissance artists as creative geniuses because they are so inventive and innovative and especially pertaining to art but also in other things they created methods and ideas that are still in use today in the modern world. The thing that captures my attention most in the artwork, is the dog. It is extremely skinny perhaps suggesting that truth and loyalty is scarce in Durer's life. It also symbolizes the same things in our modern society, centuries later.
ReplyDeleteWhy do you think Dürer might have used these objects as symbols?
ReplyDeleteDurer might have used these symbols because these symbols meant actual things to the people of Durer’s time. Therefore, the symbols would be the most effective way for him to communicate messages to his audiences.
Would these objects have the same meaning if they stood alone as they do grouped together in this composition?
No, if the objects stood alone, they would compel the viewers to focus on the specific objects which would have different individual messages. When they are put together, the communicate a different message and theme which might appeal to a greater audience.
What does the quote tell you about the artwork? What does it tell you about the artist?- It tells me that Durer is an exceptionally talented artist who is always on the pursuit of perfection. However, he realizes he cannot achieve perfection which puts him a state of melancholia.
Why are proportion and perspective so important in realistic drawings and paintings?- The alteration of a figure or object in a realistic drawing could possibly alter the focus and or meaning of the drawing regardless of the author’s intentions.
How does the composition or the placement of the objects in this print make it so powerful?- The way the objects are arranged play a powerful role in the message of the drawing because it forms different patterns when put together differently. These patterns influence the message.
Why do you think it was so important to understand an artist as a creative genius rather than as a craftsman during the Renaissance?- More and more artists during the renaissance created art to express themselves and convey messages. Prior to the renaissance, artists were considered craftsmen because they were most often paid by patrons to recreate scenes or paint portraits.
What object captivates your attention the most? What do you suppose it symbolizes?- The baby with the notebook captivates my attention the most. It symbolizes ability with the lack of knowledge.
I'd say that the more images one strings together, the narrower the audience one is directing their message to. Since if I drew the Dog, which symbolizes Loyalty. That is universally appealing. However, were I to draw the Dog and the Carpenter's hammer next to each other, saying something along the lines of "Carpenters are loyal" then there would be a great number of individuals who may or may not agree with me.
DeleteWhy do you think Dürer might have used these objects as symbols?
ReplyDelete-The key and the purse symbolizes the Angel's wealth and power--so as to say that the Angel's melancholy is not a result of her lacking in those areas. The dog and orb represent the Angel's loyal friends/family whilst the orb symbolizes her good fortune. Meanwhile, the other three symbols represent intellectual pursuits/crafts--so as to say the life of a craftsmen/intellectual(An Artist) is inherently melancholic.
Would these objects have the same meaning if they stood alone as they do grouped together in this composition?
-They have to be grouped together in order to have the same function as they do here. It is like putting words together in a sentence.
What does the quote tell you about the artwork? What does it tell you about the artist?
-It translates the message of the work into words. It reflects the artist's displeasure with his own limitations and the mood of Renaissance artists in general.
Why are proportion and perspective so important in realistic drawings and paintings?
-Proportion and perspective is key to tricking the mind into thinking it sees something that is actually three dimensional. It involves tricking our depth perception.
How does the composition or the placement of the objects in this print make it so powerful?
-It all ties together, almost like a stanza in a poem.
Why do you think it was so important to understand an artist as a creative genius rather than as a craftsman during the Renaissance?
-Because alot of their work required creative ability and higher education to create some detailed and complex work. Craftsmen make things for their practical purpose--not for art.
What object captivates your attention the most? What do you suppose it symbolizes?
-I was particularly drawn to the puzzle in the background. It is a chart of numbers that add up to 34 anyway you put it--it is supposed to be able to draw Jupiter so that he can cure melancholy-an illness caused by Saturn.
I liked how you compared his work to a piece of literary work. I agree that all the objects tie the whole piece together like a stanza in a poem. Art has its own language and Durer was trying to get his message across using several secular objects. The objects placement and meaning give the work depth and a story/message. I agree that the objects would have to be grouped together to have the same function and that they would lose their meaning if they stood separately.
DeleteThe Renaissance was a period where individualism was valued and humanists were everywhere. Painting and other artworks became more secular. Without the use of religious figures and symbolism, it became harder for artists to have meaning in their works. Therefore, artists such as Durer used objects as symbols to give their artworks a deeper meaning. These objects would definitely not have the same meaning and symbols if they stood alone. The whole theme of the artwork is Melancholy and these objects have definitions and meanings revolving around melancholy. The central figure in the figure of Melancholy, who is associated with insanity and depression and also with the most creative and intelligent individuals. She is surrounded with compass, magic square, Pluto with notebook, keys and other regular objects that hold greater meaning in the entire artwork. The figure of melancholy is surrounded by chaos. He could have also been saying that all the artists have the Melancholic personality in them. He used perspective and proportions in order to make the artwork look realistic and come to life. Though artists have limitations on what they can do, Durer tried to make this piece look as perfect as he could even with many secular objects throughout the artwork. The objects are all placed in a particular place. They do not directly jump out to the viewer but cause the viewer to look around the entire artwork. The viewer's eyes move from one object to another and tries to connect all the objects inn the artwork to a central theme of melancholy. An artist was thought of as a creative genius because it took a lot of knowledge and thought into making a great piece of artwork. Durer had to think about the proportion and the placement of all the objects as well as their meanings. He had to detail his work, at the same time not making it too chaotic. The orb, which symbolizes fortune captivates my attention the most. It is in the foreground and one of the first objects that I see. Overall, Durer put a lot of work and effort into this piece of artwork and he used secular objects with several meanings to give his piece of work some depth.
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